Russeting in Apple is Initiated after Exposure to Moisture Ends

Molecular and Biochemical Evidence

verfasst von

Jannis Straube, Yun Hao Chen, Bishnu P. Khanal, Alain Shumbusho, Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl, Kiran Suresh, Lukas Schreiber, Moritz Knoche, Thomas Debener

Abstract

Exposure of the fruit surface to moisture during early development is causal in russeting of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Moisture exposure results in formation of microcracks and de-creased cuticle thickness. Periderm differentiation begins in the hypodermis, but only after discon-tinuation of moisture exposure. Expressions of selected genes involved in cutin, wax and suberin synthesis were quantified, as were the wax, cutin and suberin compositions. Experiments were con-ducted in two phases. In Phase I (31 days after full bloom) the fruit surface was exposed to moisture for 6 or 12 d. Phase II was after moisture exposure had been discontinued. Unexposed areas on the same fruit served as unexposed controls. During Phase I, cutin and wax synthesis genes were down-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. During Phase II, suberin synthesis genes were up-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. The expressions of cutin and wax genes in the moisture-exposed patches increased slightly during Phase II, but the levels of expression were much lower than in the control patches. Amounts and compositions of cutin, wax and suberin were con-sistent with the gene expressions. Thus, moisture-induced russet is a two-step process: moisture exposure reduces cutin and wax synthesis, moisture removal triggers suberin synthesis.

Organisationseinheit(en)

Institut für Pflanzengenetik
Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme
Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenzüchtung

Externe Organisation(en)

Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn

Typ

Artikel

Journal

Plants

Band

10

Anzahl der Seiten

24

Publikationsdatum

01.2021

Publikationsstatus

Veröffentlicht

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Ökologie, Evolution, Verhaltenswissenschaften und Systematik, Ökologie, Pflanzenkunde

Elektronische Version(en)

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010065 (Zugang: Offen)